In 2025, CSDS’s consolidation and maturation are reflected in our output and policy engagement. The Centre has built a steady record of research production, external funding acquisition, events and collaboration with institutions including NATO, the EU, national governments, industry and think tanks. Projects such as the “Future of European Deterrence” illustrate our embeddedness in transatlantic policy networks. 2025 saw the introduction of new approaches, with the Brussels 360 executive course. Such training programmes saw CSDS grow further in 2025, as we seek to nurture the next generation of policy practitioners. Yet, we continued to pursue our traditional activities, including a transatlantic dialogue, a defence and statecraft forum, multiple CSDS Conversations and, of course, the Brussels Indo-Pacific Dialogue.

We would like to thank our sponsors and partners. They have been instrumental in helping us to sharpen and deepen our analytical focus. In 2026, we will remain ambitious, and we have some exciting new initiatives to reveal soon.

In our Annual Report for 2025, CSDS highlights its events, projects, outreach activities and publications.

CSDS Annual Report 2025

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Can the European Union (EU) strive for Strategic Autonomy in an age of intensifying Sino-American competition? This Special Issue published with the Journal of European Integration (JEI) in volume 45, issue 6, and guest edited by Prof. Dr. Luis Simón and Prof. Dr. Daniel Fiott, addresses this overarching question by: 1) unpacking the concept of strategic autonomy; 2) examining how the United States (US) and China exercise influence over European decision-making; 3) analysing how the EU’s internal architecture provides both challenges and opportunities to withstand external influence; and 4) assessing how these dynamics play out in different policy areas and contexts.

The intensifying rivalry between the US and China has become the defining feature of great power politics in the early 21^st century. As the US and China deploy “wedge strategies” to bring different countries and regions on side or deny them to the other side, the question of how to grapple with the intensifying US-China competition has become central for virtually any actor and region in the international system. Because of its economic, technological and diplomatic heft, Europe is an important playground in US-China competition, but it also strives to preserve a significant degree of autonomy from those same great powers. The US and China both understand that Europe’s actions can affect their relative positions in the international system. They have thus combined inducements and coercion to influence European policies on questions ranging from Huawei’s 5G digital infrastructure, sensitive technology transfers, global supply chains, investment restrictions and naval deployments in the Indo-Pacific.

Against this backdrop of intensifying US-China competition, the EU and its member states have sought to pursue greater “strategic autonomy”, while rejecting the notion of equidistance between Washington and Beijing. Concretely, powerful intra-European actors conjugate inducements and coercion to repel external wedging efforts and bind Europeans together around common policies.

This JEI Special Issue seeks to innovate in theoretical and conceptual terms by analysing various aspects of EU policy from the perspectives of “wedging” and “binding”. In this respect, the articles not only attempt to shed new conceptual light on the practice of European strategic autonomy, but also provide new empirical insights into how US and Chinese strategies of wedging and binding affect EU decision-making. Accordingly, the aim is not only to theoretically flesh out the often ill-defined concept of strategic autonomy, but also to stimulate further research engagement.

The special issue is divided into four theoretical and empirical sections. First, the special issue focuses on “theory, concepts and visions”, where it sets the theoretical scene and defines and unpacks the key theoretical underpinnings of the special issue. Second, the special issue looks at the “mechanics of influence” with a specific focus on how Chinese and US influence in Europe functions. Third, in the section title “thematic and empirical investigations”, the special issue develops the theoretical investigation further through three empirical cases. The special issue ends with a concluding article that discusses how the various articles feed into broader IR scholarly debates on wedging, binding and great power competition, and outlines avenues for further research.

The articles in this Special Issue of the Journal of European Integration form part of the deliverables of a European Research Council (ERC) consolidator grant awarded to Prof. Dr. Luis Simón for a research project entitled: Sino-American Competition and European Strategic Autonomy (SINATRA).

Articles

“Player and Playground: Europe in US-China Competition”, by Luis Simón and Daniel Fiott (CSDS, Vrije Universiteit Brussel)

“Divided We Stand? Examining the European Union’s Ability to Withstand External Wedging”, by Marianna Lovato (Jagiellonian University) and Luis Simón (CSDS, Vrije Universiteit Brussel)

“The Three Images of EU Strategic Autonomy: Perspectives on Wedging, Binding and Hedging”, by Daniel Fiott (CSDS, Vrije Universiteit Brussel)

“European Strategic Autonomy as a Double-Edged Sword? US Perspectives in an Era of Sino-American Competition”, by Linde Desmaele (Leiden University)

“Cautious Optimism: Unravelling Chinese Views on European Strategic Autonomy”, by Hongsong Liu and Ruolin Su (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

“The Unbalanced Transatlantic Relationship: Understanding US Influence in Europe”, by Federico Steinberg and Jeffrey Anderson (Georgetown University)

“Understanding Chinese Influence in Europe: An Institutional (A)symmetry Approach”, by Andreea Budeanu (CSDS, Vrije Universiteit Brussel) and Shaun Breslin (University of Warwick)

“Between Scylla and Charybdis: Navigating EU Strategic Autonomy Amid the US-China Trade War”, by Kristen Hopewell (University of British Columbia)

“The Technological Underpinnings of European Autonomy and US-China Competition”, by Antonio Calcara (CSDS, Vrije Universiteit Brussel), Joris Teer (EU Institute for Security Studies) and Ivan Zaccagnini (LUISS University)

“The European Union’s Strategic Autonomy in Foreign Policy: European Responses to American and Chinese Influence Over the Arms Embargo on China and Taiwan”, by Giulia Tercovich (CSDS, Vrije Universiteit Brussel) and Hugo Meijer (Sciences Po Paris)

“Wedging, Binding and Europe in the US-China Competition: Theoretical and Policy Implications”, by Yasuhiro Izumikawa (Aoyama Gakuin University)

__________

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In 2025, we have so far published a range of Policy Briefs focusing on topics such as EU defence and rearmament initiatives, Arctic security, critical infrastructure protection, France’s nuclear deterrent, Poland’s defence strategy, critical raw materials, a post-American Europe and more. We have even had the pleasure of publishing a three-part series on economic security and trade that were co-authored by CSDS and Peterson Institute analysts.

Find out more about CSDS Policy Briefs.

Policy Briefs in 2025

• Enemy in the Crates: The Risks of Pre-deployed Covert Payloads for European Defence
• What if Hell Breaks Loose? Imagining a post-American Europe
• Spheres of Enhancement: Understanding the New Pattern of International Competition
• Defence Innovation Trends: A Data Snapshot of the European Defence Fund, 2021-2024
• Caught in the US-China Crossfire: To Protect Itself, Europe Must Call a Critical Raw Material Emergency
• Securing the Depths: Rethinking EU Critical Infrastructure Protection in a Contested Underwater Domain
• Indispensable Lynchpin or Irrelevant Symbolism? Polish-US Defence Relations and the Second Trump Presidency
• Significant, but not Systemic: The Challenge of China’s Efforts to Rival Western Financial Predominance
• Alignment or Misalignment? US and EU High-Tech Trade and Sanctions Policies toward China
• Destined for Division? US and EU Responses to the Challenge of Chinese Over-capacity
• Going it Alone, Doing So Divided? The Era of Uncertainties and Europe’s Defence Industrial Politics
• Sabotage as Signal: Why Attacks on Maritime Infrastructure Challenge our Model of Sense-Making
• Revisiting Deterrence: Towards a French Nuclear Umbrella Over Europe?
• Special Delivery? The European Council and the March 2025 Defence Summit
• Spending Our Way Out of a Crisis? The Challenges and Benefits of ReArming Europe
• Melting Away? The European Union’s Geopolitical Role in the Arctic
• Unity is Not Enough: How will Europe Navigate the Trumpian Era of Geopolitical Competition?
• From Policy to Action: The Way Ahead for the EU-Republic of Korea Digital Partnership

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The “Brussels 360” Executive Course aims to provide participants with a deeper and more critical understanding of Europe’s role in a world in flux. The onset of Sino-American strategic competition and Russia’s war in Ukraine are having profound effects on Europe’s security architecture and Europe’s global role. The core aim of this 3-day Executive Course is to provide participants with a deeper understanding of these changes by engaging, exchanging and learning from leading academics and policymakers in the field.

The Executive Course is organised around three individual modules that are organised over a period of 3 days in Brussels:

– Geopolitics and European Grand Strategy

– European Security and Defence Policy

– European Trade and Technology Policy

Each module is built around preparatory pre-recorded lectures and readings, a series of lectures and panel discussions. All lectures and discussions will be held at the Brussels School of Governance, located at Boulevard de la Plaine 5/1st floor, 1050 Bruxelles. The Executive Course is convened by the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS), which is a research hub at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). CSDS seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the key contemporary security and diplomatic challenges of the 21st century – and their impact on Europe – while reaching out to the policy community that will ultimately need to handle such challenges.

Course overview

3 days: the Executive Course is organised over 3 days of (online and in-person) lectures, policy panels and networking opportunities.

16 hours: to fully prepare for the course, participants are expected to dedicate 16 hours to readings and pre-recorded lectures.

Fees: for participation in the course, the fees charged for three days are €2,800. For details on bespoke institutional arrangements, contact CSDS.

Course aims

– To provide participants with a contemporary understanding of the geopolitical shifts that are affecting European security and Europe’s role in the world.

– To provide participants with a better empirical understanding of the key trends in European security, defence, trade and technology policy.

– To provide participants with opportunities to engage and network with leading policymakers and experts in the Brussels ecosystem.

– To afford participants the opportunity to enhance their policy analysis and communication skills through the production of a policy memo and in-class participation.

Dates

Brussels 360 takes place from 3-5 June 2026.

Entry requirements

Have a Master’s degree and 2 years’ worth of relevant experience or a Bachelor’s degree and 5 years’ worth of relevant experience. A good command of the English language is required, as the course is taught exclusively in English.

Fees

€2,800 for full course participation. €2,500 for early-bird applications (deadline, 15 May 2026).

Resources 

Brussels 360 – Flyer

Brussels 360 – Course Overview

Register 

To register for the 2026 edition of Brussels 360, please apply here.

Contact 

For more information, kindly contact (office_csds (@) vub.be).

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CSDS engaged with senior policymakers, as well as experts from the academic and think tank communities in the US, to assess the potential implications of the new Trump administration on US-China strategic competition and its ripple effects on Europe. These exchanges provided a valuable forum to discuss shifting transatlantic dynamics, economic security and geopolitical realignments in an era of great power rivalry.

In Washington, D.C., CSDS organised an exchange with the Peterson Institute for International Economics, which included a public conference on “Transatlantic Perspectives on U.S.-China Geoeconomic Competition”, as well as a closed door session. Additionally, the team engaged in two separate workshops with the Asia Society with the BMW Center for German and European Studies at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service to discuss, respectively, transatlantic approaches to China and the future of the transatlantic relationship.

On Friday, the CSDS team were in Los Angeles to share their research during the “Europe, China, and America under Trump 2.0” Symposium organised by the University of Southern California (USC). This allowed CSDS to provide insights into the potential transatlantic and global implications of a second Trump administration. The visit concluded on Monday at UC Berkeley, where CSDS presented its latest research on Europe’s role in US-China competition, transatlantic technology cooperation and economic security.

The visit took place in the context of CSDS’ ongoing work on “Europe in US-China Rivalry” and “Geopolitics and Technology”. The visit was funded by the European Union through European Research Council grants on Sino-American Competition and European Strategic Autonomy (SINATRA), under grant number 101045227, and Competition in the Digital Era: Geopolitics and Technology in the 21st Century (CODE), under grant number 101116328.

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As this annual report shows, CSDS has increased the tempo and ambition of its research and outreach activities. CSDS has gained wider acclaim through major events such as the Brussels Indo-Pacific Dialogue. Likewise, 2024 was a successful year for CSDS products such as policy briefs, in-depth papers, conversations and our new podcast series, Strategy Speaks. CSDS has also continued to deliver cutting-edge research in leading journals and books.

In terms of project acquisition and delivery, CSDS has a proven track-record of delivering high-quality, policy relevant, analysis. In particular, CSDS was extremely pleased to kick-off two European Research Council projects on US-China rivalry and European autonomy and geopolitics and technology. CSDS also started its work as part of the INPACE project in 2024, and the Centre learned of its success in attracting more exciting projects that will begin in 2025.

In our Annual Report for 2024, CSDS highlights its events, projects, outreach activities and publications.

Read the CSDS Annual Report 2024

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Robert’s life is a perfect example of public service and devotion to transatlantic relations. In a career with the US Government spanning 45 years, Robert was intimately linked to US foreign policy and NATO’s evolution. Not only did Robert serve as US Defence Advisor at NATO and as Senior Civil Representative in Europe of the Secretary of Defence, but he was on President Clinton’s National Security Council as Senior Director for Defence Policy and Arms Control. Robert also served on the staffs of the Senate Foreign Relations and Armed Services Committees, and he began his career in the Congressional Research Service, which he took up after serving as a US Air Force officer. For many in Brussels, he was also known as NATO’s Assistant Secretary General for Defense Investment, where he played a vital role in ensuring NATO was fit for purpose in a dynamic geopolitical context.

Robert played an important part in the life of CSDS and contributed in significant ways to our research and events. At CSDS, Robert helped our researchers understand better the intricacies of NATO and the transatlantic alliance. Given his experience and natural intelligence, Robert was acutely aware of and sympathetic to European positions within the alliance. As a devoted Europeanist and gifted linguist, Robert was one of those Americans who walked with complete ease in Brussels, Paris, Washington, Atlanta and more. Robert’s unique and warm approach to diplomacy and international relations will be sorely missed by the transatlantic community. Robert was a warm and patient teacher, colleague and leader who will be sorely missed by everybody at CSDS.

Dear Robert, dear “Bob”, you will be remembered and your life celebrated. Rest in Peace.

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CODE examines technological competition between China, the United States (US) and Europe in three key sectors for contemporary economics and geopolitics: semiconductors, cloud computing and space. Theoretically, the project aims to integrate analytical tools from international relations, political economy and management and innovation to provide a comprehensive theory to explain the dynamics of competition for access to and control of critical technologies. Methodologically, the project aims to use qualitative and quantitative tools to measure technological competition, as well as markets and patent databases, which will then be analysed using network analysis and machine learning tools. Empirically, the project will focus on three of the most important sectors where technological competition is currently taking place: semiconductors, cloud computing and space technology.

CODE aims to build a multidisciplinary research group, ideally including researchers with quantitative and qualitative skills who are interested in technological and geopolitical competition. The project will zoom in on the following themes:

• technological competition between China, the US and Europe and its geopolitical implications;
• geoeconomics, European strategic autonomy and technological sovereignty;
• China’s industrial and innovation policy;
• the return of industrial policy in the US and Europe;
• the role of digital technologies, big data and artificial intelligence in international politics;
• the role of public and private actors in space policy in China, the US and Europe;
• state-business relations and economic statecraft; and
• the role of commercial technologies and the private sector in the field of security and defence.

For more information on the project, click here.

Funded by the European Union.

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2023 marks another productive year for the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS). We have continued to meet our objective of contributing to a better understanding of the key contemporary security and diplomatic challenges of the 21^st century and their impact on Europe. During the year, CSDS expanded its research base with new post-doctoral and doctoral students including Andreea Budeanu, Gabriel Heyl, Hongcheng Hsiao and Marianna Lovato. We continued to bolster our research offering with a new in-house format of research meetings where junior and senior academic staff can exchange views on new research.

Research and Analysis

Over 36 individual pieces of research and analysis were produced by CSDS researchers during 2023 with outlets such as the Australia Institute of Foreign Affairs, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Defence Studies, Elcano Royal Institute, European Parliament, European Security, Foreign Policy, Global Policy, Journal of European Integration, Marathon Initiative, Mediterraneen Confluences, NATO Review, Naval War College Review, Royal United Services Institute and War on the Rocks. In particular, CSDS researchers were commissioned to write 3 major reports for the European Parliament on Qualified Majority Voting, EU-Japan relations and the Versailles Summit on defence. The Marathon Initiative commissioned a major study from CSDS researchers in the context of our Bridging Allies initiative, and a report to mark 60 years of diplomatic relations between Canada and South Korea was produced by the KF-VUB Korea Chair.

Events

Our events have stimulated further reflection among the policy, academic and think tank communities. We have been able to welcome individuals such as Rob Bauer, Benedetta Berti, Yun Byung Se, Kurt Campbell, Karel de Gucht, Yves Dupont, Kim Gheewhan, Shintaro Ito, Ryu Jeong-hyun, Hitoshi Kikawada, Angus Lapsley, Caroline Millar, Jedidiah Royal, Stefano Sannino, Richard Tibbels, Gunnar Wiegand and Penny Wong, among many others.

At the start of the year, and in the context of the Bridging Allies initiative, we held an event at NATO headquarters featuring Ambassador Julie Smith as a keynote speaker. In June, we held our third “Transatlantic Dialogue on the Indo-Pacific” in Washington with our partners the Center for Strategic and International Studies. The first workshop under the Sino-American Competition and European Strategic Autonomy (SINATRA) project was held over two days in October, bringing together leading policymakers and experts from across Europe, the United States (US), Japan and China. A CSDS delegation visited Japan and Australia in the context of our Bridging Allies initiative. In Australia, CSDS co-hosted an event with the Australian Strategic Policy Institute on the strategic relevance of Emerging Disruptive Technologies. CSDS researchers were also in Japan in November as part of a NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme (SPS) project looking at futures in the Indo-Pacific: the visit was part of a major event organised with the Japanese National Institute for Defence Studies. While in Japan, CSDS co-organised an event on economic security with the Keio Center for Strategy. Another major CSDS event was held in January, when we invited Australia’s Foreign Minister for a discussion alongside the Secretary General of the European External Action Service in Brussels.

Another successful part of our work at CSDS this year has been our regular “Conversations”. These are closed-door events on critical security topics and we invite experts to share their views with a select audience. In 2023, we organised 7 Conversations with speakers including Michael Beckley, Ian Brzezinski, Michael Green, François Hiesbourg, Beatrice Heuser, Masafumi Ishii, Robert Lee, Michael Mandelbaum, Chris Miller, James Sherr, Susan Shirk, Lucilla Sioli, Sir Hew Strachan and Tomas Szatkowski.

Japan Chair

The Japan Chair has held a number of events during the year including roundtables and expert lectures in partnership with the Embassy of Japan to Belgium, the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung and the Sasakawa Peace Foundation. As part of the “Japan Chair Cluster” meetings, CSDS was able to welcome experts from the Brookings Institute, Indiana University and the University of Tokyo. The Japan Chair was also responsible for publishing 6 CSDS Policy Briefs on topics ranging from Japan’s economic security, Japan’s space programme and the country’s “Zeitenwende” in defence policy, as well as a focus on Japan-NATO relations. The Japan Chair also published research on maritime security and the Indo-Pacific with the Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. The Chair has also extensively engaged with the news media, having provided expertise for Nikkei Asian Review, Japan Times, Rai Radio 1, The Diplomat and the South China Morning Post.

KF-VUB Korea  Chair

The KF-VUB Korea Chair also organised events in cooperation with the Korean Cultural Centre in Brussels, the Korea Foundation, the Korean Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) and the Korea Economic Institute of America (KEI). In May, the Chair co-organised a major event to mark the 60^th Anniversary of EU-Korea relations and the annual Brussels Korea Forum was held in October. The Brussels Korea Forum brought together experts from Europe and South Korea to discuss the scope for deeper cooperation after 60 years of relations. In October, the KF-VUB Korea Chair also co-organised the Korea Trilateral Forum in Seoul with GMFUS and the Asan Institute for Policy Studies. That same month, the Chair organised the inaugural EU Next Gen trip to Korea, with five EU officials visiting Seoul to meet with a range of Korean government officials and experts. In November, the KF-VUB Korea Chair, KIEP and KEI co-organised the 2023 seminar on the Potential for Trilateral Trade Cooperation among Korea, the EU and US in Seoul. The KF-VUB Korea Chair also used 2023 to promote a number of new books including “South Korea’s Grand Strategy” (Columbia University Press) and “Korea: A New History of South and North Korea” (Yale University Press). The KF-VUB Korea Chair also engaged extensively with the international and Korean press during the year.

Under our Defence & Statecraft programme we organised 7 major events. The programme’s flagship annual Defence & Statecraft Forum was held at the end of April, and events on the military balance in Europe and NATO’s new force model were organised during the year in cooperation with the Egmont Institute and the International Institute for Strategic Studies. In February, CSDS worked with the US Military Academy on a major international seminar and in November CSDS worked with the US Mission to the EU and Taiwan on an event on countering foreign interference. Finally, the Defence & Statecraft programme successfully completed two events – Brussels and Washington – in the context of the NATO sponsored “TIDE” project on transatlantic defence.

Projects

CSDS has also been successful in 2023 on the project acquisition front. We launched the Bridging Allies initiative in January, which is a project being supported by the Australian government and NATO. We also kick-started a two-year NATO SPS project focusing on futures in the Indo-Pacific. NATO’s Public Diplomacy Division also sponsored two of our events on transatlantic security under the TIDE project. CSDS also supported the EU’s public diplomacy efforts. In particular, it contributed to the EUPOP Korea project, funded by the EU Delegation to the Republic Korea, with the organisation of two Council of the EU simulations in English and Korean. Additionally, CSDS contributed to the initiative launched by the EU Delegation to the US and Canada on “Creating the Next Generation of Transatlanticists”. CSDS also supported the EUPOP India project, which is funded by the EU Delegation to India. As part of the project, CSDS worked during the year on a Young Leaders’ Exchange, expert workshops and we managed a series of calls for research papers. Finally, the Japan Chair announced its cooperation under the “INPACE” project, which is funded by the European Union to look at digital partnerships in the Indo-Pacific and Europe – the project will begin in 2024.

Publications

In terms of publications, our flagship series went from strength to strength. Our successful Policy Brief series became even more relevant in 2023. No fewer than 32 Policy Briefs were published during the year on topics such as the war on Ukraine, emerging and disruptive technologies, European defence and NATO, China’s economic statecraft, Russia’s nuclear signalling, Japan’s defence and economic security, Taiwan security, the US alliance structures, AUKUS, space defence, EU foreign and security policy, industrial policy in the digital domain and South Korea’s geostrategy. No less than 4 In-Depth Papers were published by CSDS on topics related to geopolitics and multilateralism, Europe’s defence industry, the nuclear dimensions of the AUKUS agreement and the EU’s grand strategy. We published 3 Strategy Debriefs with leading members of the policy and think tank worlds, including with the Chairman of the NATO Military Committee, Admiral Rob Bauer.

As part of this overall objective, CSDS produces a number of in-house publications that seek to inform public and policy debates. The publications seek to analyse issues such as foreign policy and diplomacy, strategic rivalry between great powers, economic security, defence and deterrence and security, among other topics. In many cases, the publications will focus on specific regions and countries such as Europe, the Indo-Pacific, Japan, South Korea or the United States.

Our aim is to use our publications as vehicles for the extensive and renowned research expertise we have at CSDS. In many cases, we also use our publications to share and promote the ideas of partners and external researchers. CSDS publications come in three major formats: Policy Briefs, In-Depth Papers and Strategy Debriefs. Each of our three main publications have specific purposes:

• The Policy Briefs aim to provide online, highly readable, shorter pieces of analysis on key topic of interest for European security.
• Our In-Depth Papers are for longer pieces of analysis that directly stem from projects we run at CSDS. They are published in a paper format.
• The Strategy Debriefs, which we publish in cooperation with the Small Wars Journal, are our format for publishing online interviews with senior policymakers and academics.

To highlight our publications in 2023, we have produced a catalogue for your ease of reference: CSDS Publications Catalogue – 2023

CSDS has continued to enhance its social media presence. We have added over 1,500 new followers on our two main social media sites, X and LinkedIn during 2023. Our Policy Briefs, In-Depth Papers and Strategy Debriefs have been viewed by close to 313,000 individuals on X and LinkedIn. Through our social media exposure, we have been able to launch targeted campaigns for our events, publications and projects. This coverage is in addition to our newsletter, which is sent to over 3,000 followers of our work.

Finally, CSDS researchers continued to engage with the media and spoke at several events during 2023. They have also delivered a number of guest lectures. Such opportunities have allowed CSDS to spread its in-house expertise and engage with wider policy and academic communities on a more global basis. CSDS thanks the Egmont Institute, ESIWA, European Forum Alpbach, European Parliament, European Security and Defence College, German Foreign Office, GMF Japan, Hertie School, Kubernein Initiative, NATO, Norwegian Institute on International Relations, Polish Institute of International Affairs, Royal Institute for Higher Defence Studies, RAND Corporation, Ritsumeikan University, Sciences Po, the Società Italiana di Scienza Politica, the University of Innsbruck and the Waseda University for the opportunity to have shared our expertise and research. We also thank Arirang News, Deutsche Welle, Financial Times, El Pais, El Mundo, Euractiv, Euronews, Het Nieuwsblad, TV5 Monde, Voice of Asia, the Wall Street Journal and the Yonhap News Agency, among others, for publishing our media quotes and interviews.

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At the opening of the event, Dr. Giulia Tercovich, EUPOP Project Outreach Coordinator, delivered introductory remarks about the initiative as a whole. The purpose of this 2nd exchange was to facilitate discussion and allow all members of the cohort to provide feedback on the policy brief they have been working on regarding EU-India relations. The policy brief is set to be published by the end of the year.

As a continuation of the 1st Virtual Exchange held in June, where Young Leaders were able to collaboratively generate preliminary ideas for the policy brief, this second exchange offered a valuable opportunity for all members of the cohort to engage in the discussion of the work completed for the policy brief so far and provide ideas on how to bring the project forward.

The cohort of 20 Young leaders was selected through a competitive selection process that assessed over 90 applications.

Stay up to date with all the latest about the EUPOP in India! Check out our website and follow us on Twitter.

This event forms part of the EU Policy and Outreach Partnership (EUPOP) in India, an initiative that is financially supported by the European Union.

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